There are no long-term research that examine how traumatic dental injury (TDI) affects preschoolers' oral healthrelated quality of life. A population-based case-control study was conducted with a representative sample of 335 children, ages 3-5, enrolled in public and private preschools in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil, to examine the effect of TDI on in preschoolers. Age, gender, type of preschool and monthly household income of the case group and the control group were matched at a ratio of one to four (67 cases and 286 controls). Application of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale allowed for evaluation of the impact on children's. (ECOHIS). Through the use of clinical investigations, the incidence of TDI was identified. By three trained dentists. Data analysis techniques included conditional logistic regression analysis [P 0.05; 95% confidence interval], descriptive statistics, McNemar's test, the chi-square test with linear trend, and McNemar's test. "Felt pain" (19.4%) and "difficulty eating" (16.4%) were the most often mentioned comments. In the case group, the prevalence of TDI was 37.3%, compared to 33.9% in the control group. There were no statistically significant variations in the presence of TDI between the case and control groups (odds ratio = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.66-2.02). Preschoolers' quality of life was unaffected by TDI.